根含秦艽堿甲即是龍膽堿(gentian-ine),秦艽堿乙即是龍膽次堿(gentianidine),秦艽堿丙(gentianal),龍膽苦甙(gentiopicroside),當藥苦甙(swertia-marin)。另有報道,秦艽根主含龍膽苦甙,在提取分離時,龍膽苦甙與氨水作用轉化為龍膽堿和秦艽堿丙等生物堿。近有報道,秦艽根含龍膽苦甙,褐煤酸(montanic acid),褐煤酸甲酯(methyl montanate),櫟癭酸(roburic acid),α-香樹脂醇(α-amyrin),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙(β-sitos-terol-β-D-glucoside)。