DorsalLipTransplantinAmphibianEmbryos
IntroductionIn early stages of development in amphibian embryos, very few cells' fates are rigidly determined. However, previous experiments show that cells in one area of the developing embryo are determined before gastrulation. This area in the amphibian embryo has since been termed the organizer for its role in cell fate determination. In 1924 Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold showed that cells transplanted from ......閱讀全文
Dorsal－Lip－Transplant－in－Amphibian－Embryos
IntroductionIn early stages of development in amphibian embryos, very few cells' fates are rigidly determined. However, previous experiments show
Developmental－and－phenotypic－implications－of－transplantation
ObjectiveIn this experiment, a region of the neural crest will be transplanted from one stage-fourteen embryo to another (Figure 1). To facilitate the
Fate－Mapping－Axolotl－Embryos－in－Early－Gastrulation
BackgroundSince different amphibians execute gastrulation in different ways, the study of amphibian gastrulation has been complex. A popular method us
DEVELOPMENTAL－EFFECTS－OF－LITHIUM－CHLORIDE－ON－XENOPUS－EMBRYOS
PURPOSE: The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of lithium chloride treatment on early blastula?xenopus?embryos.INTRODUCTION: When th
Regulative－Development－in－Axolotl－Embryos;－Splitting－the－Heart－Field
ObjectiveThis experiment will seek to demonstrate regulative development in?Ambystoma mexicanum?embryos. Specifically, we will split the morphogenetic
Developmental－Effects－of－Transplantation－of－Cell
From the various microsurgical procedures of Spemann and others, several developmental principles have emerged about amphibian embryos. One of the mos
Gastrulation－Models
Gastrulation has been celled "the most important time of your life" (Lewis Wolpert); without it you would be flat like a pancake! Vertebrate gastrulat
The－effects－ofdifferent－concentrations－oflithium－chloride－on－thedevelopment
AbstractPrevious studies by Stachel and colleagues indicate that lithium chloride induction of post-midblastular?Brachydanio rerio?embryos results in
Development－of－the－Heart－Morphogenetic－Field－in－the－Axolotl－Embryo
IntroductionThere are two modes of development common to most species in the animal kingdom.Virtually all embryos undergo both mosaic and regulative d
Transplantation－of－theeyeforming－region－of－Amphibian－neurula－into－theflank
EMBRYO CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUESRearing solution: 10% Modified Steinberg's Solution.?Operating solution:Full strength HBSt solution.Micro
Fixation－of－Embryos
MEMFA Fix10xMEMFA Salts1 part 10x MEMFA salts1 M MOPS1 part 37% formaldehyde20mM EGTA8 parts water10mM MgSO410x salts can be autoclaved and stored. Tu
Yale－University－Policy－for－Aseptic－Amphibian－Survival－Surgery
Background:?Aseptic surgery by definition is surgery performed without contamination or exposure to pathogens. According to the AWR's and the?Guid
Wholemount－staining－of－embryos
Fix embryos in formalin or MEMFA for one hour at room temperature with mixing. Rinse with TBS, replace with methanol, store at -20oC.Rehydrate by slow
Isolation－of－Zebrafish－embryos
Zebrafish will mate and deposit fertilized eggs on the bottom of the tank at 'dawn'. They can be accustomed to lay at any convenient time by k
Isolation－of－mouse－embryos
1. Sacrifice impregnated mouse.2. Dissect out the uterus of the mouse. Pulling up on the uterus with one set of forceps,use another to tear the mesome
Murine－Skin－Transplantation
Prior to the initiation of experiment:Obtain IACUC approvalSterilize surgical instruments and Q-tipsI. Harvest Donor TissueEuthanize donor mouse (in a
Dorsal－Root－Ganglion－Neuron－Culture－from－Adult－Rats
DescriptionProcedure for culturing and maintaining Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons from adult rats.?ProcedurePreparing Culture Surface- Collagen co
Observation－of－living－and－plasticembedded－chick－embryos
The development of chick embryos has been studied since Aristotle. It is one of the most intensely studied organisms. One reason for this is that ther
TUNEL－PROCEDURE－IN－BOVINE－EMBRYOS
Materials8% (w/v) paraformaldehyde stock solution:??Dissolve 8 g of powdered paraformaldehyde in 100 ml water. Heat and stir (55-60 C – do not go high
In－vitroculture－of－early－chick－embryos
1. Use sterile technique. Prewarm Howard's Ringers in petri dish andagar/albumin culture dish to 37oC.2. Crack 2-day egg into large sterile petri
Sectioning－stained－embryos.
The protocols for plastic and wax sections as used by the Vize lab. These protocols work, but they have not been optimized. If anyone has better proto
TUNEL－PROCEDURE－IN－BOVINE－EMBRYOS
Materials8% (w/v) paraformaldehyde stock solution:??Dissolve 8 g of powdered paraformaldehyde in 100 ml water. Heat and stir (55-60 C – do not go high
Obtaining－Embryos:－hCG－Injection
Ovulation is induced in X. tropicalis by injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). X. tropicalis requires a much smaller dose than does X. laev
Effect－of－ethanol－on－development－of－Danio－reriro
ObjectiveThe objective of the experiment is to determine the effects of ethanol exposure on the embryonic development of zebrafish through observation
Fluorescence－Procedures－forthe－ActinandTubulin－Cytoskeleton－inFixed－Cells1
General StrategyWe typically work with tissue culture, primary mammalian cells, and cell extracts, but the protocols can be adapted to other systems,
Effect－of－Cyclopamine－on－Xenopus－laevis－embryos
Cyclopamine and jervine, teratogens derived from the skunk cabbage?Veratrum californicum, are known to induce holoprosencephaly in chick embryos when
Immunofluorescent－staining－of－Sea－Urchin－embryos
1. Transfer fixed embryos to microfuge tubes. Allow to settle for 10 minutes.Gently remove most of the liquid.2. Add 100 ul antibody to one tube and 1
The－Developmental－Effects－of－Nicotine－on－Chick－Embryos
More than 22 million American women smoke and approximately 25% of these women continue to smoke during pregnancy (Lambers and Clark 1996). Cigarette
Ultraviolet－irradiation－impairs－epiboly－via－microtubules－in－Zebrafish
IntroductionZebrafish have transparentembryos that develop outside the mother. They develop rapidly, so that at 24 hours after fertilization, the embr
In－VitroCulture－of－Chicken－Heart
The chicken is a classic organism used to illustrate the principles of basic embryology. One of the developmental systems which has been examined in g